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Soon after the formation of the Soviet Union, emigration restrictions were put in place to keep citizens from leaving the various countries of the Soviet Socialist Republics, though some defections still occurred. During and after World War II, similar restrictions were put in place in non-Soviet countries of the Eastern Bloc, which consisted of the Communist states of Eastern Europe.〔''Eastern bloc'', ''The American Heritage New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy'', Third Edition. Houghton Mifflin Company, 2005.〕〔Hirsch, Donald, Joseph F. Kett, James S. Trefil, ''The New Dictionary of Cultural Literacy',' Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2002, ISBN 0-618-22647-8, page 230〕 Though Albania was considered a minor member of the Eastern Bloc of Communist nations, there was one relatively important defection of a major intelligence officer in 1949. Nesti Josifi Kopali was reputedly the press officer at the tiny Albanian legation in Rome, but faced recall to Tirana due to his inauspicious accomplishments as chief of the Albanian security service (Sigurimi) in Italy, where there were a fairly large number of zealously anti-Communist political exiles. Kopali offered himself to the U.S. Embassy in Rome in late 1949, but was rejected, so he turned to Italian intelligence. After a couple of months of interrogation by the Italians, Kopali was turned over to the CIA, which flew him to Washington DC for debriefing. Kopali had, among his other anti-western assignments in 1946-47, tried and failed to set up a liaison with the editor of an ethnic newspaper in Boston. In 1950, Kopali provided some valuable information about Albanian security/military matters to the Americans, but not enough for the U.S. Government to offer him political asylum and resettlement in the United States. He was ultimately flown back to Germany, where he was put in a detention camp and caused U.S. Army Counterintelligence Corps officials fits with his efforts to refashion some kind of future, even a return to Albania. His ultimate fate has never been divulged by U.S. government officials, though one person said Kopali may have ended up in a mental hospital in Greece. 〔G.S. Trice, Specialist/4, Dossier Number H8047134, U.S. Army Investigative Records Repository, 7 March 1974: contains such CIC records of Nesti Josifi Kopali as IDENTIFICATION F-2542 (11 Jan 1952), D-296877 (1 Nov 1951), File II-5092 (14 June 1951 - 18 Sept 1951). While these documents are the only known paperwork available to the public, various government officials active during the early 1950s acknowledged knowing about Kopali and some of his zany behavior.〕 Up until 1952, however, the lines between East Germany and the western occupied zones could be easily crossed in most places. Accordingly, before 1961, most of that east-west flow took place between East and West Germany, with over 3.5 million East Germans emigrating to West Germany before 1961.〔Senate Chancellery, Governing Mayor of Berlin, (''The construction of the Berlin Wall'' ) states "Between 1945 and 1961, around 3.6 million people left the Soviet zone and East Berlin"〕 On August 13, 1961, a barbed-wire barrier, which would become the Berlin Wall separating East and West Berlin, was erected by East Germany. Although international movement was, for the most part, strictly controlled, there was a steady loss through escapees who were able to use ingenious methods to evade frontier security. Numerous notable Eastern Bloc citizens defected to non-Eastern Bloc countries. Among the notable defectors from East Germany, the Soviet Union, Poland, Bulgaria, Romania, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, and Albania before those countries' conversions from Communist states in the early 1990s are the following List of Eastern Bloc defectors. ==See also== *Eastern Bloc emigration and defection *List of Western Bloc defectors 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「List of Soviet and Eastern Bloc defectors」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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